This chapter provides an overview of the construction and controls of light motor vehicles. It covers the various components and controls found in a typical light vehicle, explaining their functions and locations within the vehicle. While there may be slight differences in the dashboard layout based on the make and model of the vehicle, the fundamental controls and instruments are generally consistent.

Dashboard Components and Functions

The dashboard is the control panel located at the front of the vehicle, containing instruments and controls necessary for operating the vehicle. Understanding the names, locations, functions, and maintenance of these controls is crucial for safe driving. Here are some of the key components of a vehicle and their functions:

1. Steering Wheel

Function: Used to change the direction of the vehicle and maintain the current direction. Both hands should be on the steering wheel, except when changing gears or using turn signals.

2. Direction Indicator (Turn Signals)

Function: Used to indicate your intention to turn left or right, signaling your direction to other road users.

3. Gear Lever

Function: Used to change gears in manual vehicles.

4. Hand Brake

Function: Used to keep the vehicle stationary, especially on inclines.

5. Brake Pedal

Function: Used to slow down the vehicle or bring it to a complete stop.

6. Accelerator

Function: Used to increase the vehicle’s speed.

7. Clutch Pedal

Function: Used in manual vehicles to disengage the engine from the transmission, allowing for gear changes.

8. Rear-View Mirror

Function: Used to observe vehicles and hazards behind the vehicle for safety purposes.

9. Side Mirrors

Function: Used to observe vehicles behind and to the sides of the vehicle for safety.

10. Windscreen Wipers Switch

Function: Used to control the windscreen wipers, turning them on or off and adjusting their speed for improved visibility during rain. It may also activate windshield washer fluid.

11. Speedometer

Function: Displays the current speed of the vehicle.

12. Temperature Gauge

Function: Monitors the vehicle’s engine temperature to ensure it does not overheat.

Vehicle Components

Beyond the dashboard controls, a light vehicle consists of various components that play essential roles in its operation. Here are some of these components:

1. Engine

2. Ignition System

3. Accelerator

4. Vehicle Body

5. Exhaust Pipe

6. Gearbox (Transmission)

7. Radiator

8. Chassis

9. Windscreen

10. Bumper Bar

Vehicle Accessories

Modern vehicles often come equipped with additional features and accessories that enhance comfort, safety, and convenience. Here are some common vehicle accessories:

1. Air Conditioning

2. Antilock Braking System (ABS)

3. Secondary Restraint System (SRS)

Vehicle Systems

Vehicles are designed with various systems that work together to ensure safe and efficient operation. Here are some of the main vehicle systems:

1. Braking System

2. Steering System

3. Transmission System

4. Suspension System

5. Rim and Tires

6. Lights and Reflectors

Understanding these components, controls, accessories, and systems is essential for every driver to operate their vehicle safely and efficiently on the road.

Vehicle Constructions And Controls

VEHICLE CONSTRUCTIONS AND CONTROLS